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Traditionally, the Kingdom of England is usually considered to begin with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule the southeastern portion of Great Britain. While Alfred was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last English monarch was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs. Arguments are made for a few different kings deemed to control enough of the ancient kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons to be deemed the first King of England. For example, Offa, king of Mercia, and Egbert, king of Wessex, are sometimes described as kings of England by popular writers, but not by all historians. In the late eighth century Offa achieved a dominance over southern England which did not survive his death in 796. In 829 Egbert conquered Mercia, but he soon lost control of it. By the late ninth century Wessex was the dominant Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Its king, Alfred the Great, was overlord of western Mercia and used the title ''King of the Angles and Saxons'', but he never ruled eastern and northern England, which was then the Danelaw. His son Edward the Elder conquered the eastern Danelaw, but Edward's son Æthelstan became the first king to rule the whole of England when he conquered Northumbria in 927, and he is regarded by some modern historians as the first king of England. The Principality of Wales was incorporated into the Kingdom of England under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284, and in 1301 King Edward I invested his eldest son, the future King Edward II, as Prince of Wales. Since that time, except for King Edward III, the eldest sons of all English monarchs have borne this title. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I without issue, in 1603, the crowns of England and Scotland were joined in personal union under King James VI of Scotland, who became James I of England. By royal proclamation, James titled himself "King of Great Britain", but no such kingdom was created until 1707, when England underwent legislative union with Scotland to form the new Kingdom of Great Britain, during the reign of Queen Anne.〔In 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland, which had been under English rule since King Henry II, became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland following the Act of Union, which lasted until the secession of Ireland in 1922 and the subsequent renaming of the state to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.〕 ==House of Wessex== |- | Alfred the Great (''Ælfrēd; Ælfrǣd)'' 871〔http://www.britroyals.com/rulers.htm〕–899〔Pratt, David (2007). "The political thought of King Alfred the Great". ''Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series'' 67. Cambridge University Press, p. 106. ISBN 978-0-521-80350-2.〕 || 100px || 849 Son of Æthelwulf (king of Wessex) and Osburh || Ealhswith 868 five children || 26 October 899 Aged about 50 |- | Edward the Elder ''Eadweard cyning'' 26 October 899–924 || 100px || c. 874–877 Son of Alfred and Ealhswith || (1) Ecgwynn two children (2) Ælfflæd eight children (3) Eadgifu four children || 17 July 924 Aged about 46–50 |- |} ---- Disputed claimant There is some evidence that Ælfweard of Wessex may have been king for four weeks in 924, between his father Edward the Elder and his brother Æthelstan, although he was not crowned.〔Yorke, Barbara. ''Bishop Æthelwold: His Career and Influence''. Woodbridge, 1988. p. 71〕 However, this is not accepted by all historians. Also, it is unclear whether Ælfweard was declared king of the whole kingdom or of Wessex only: there is evidence that when Edward died, Ælfweard was declared king in Wessex and Æthelstan in Mercia.〔Simon Keynes, 'Rulers of the English, c 450–1066', in Michael Lapidge et al ed., ''The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England'', 2001, p. 514〕 |- | Ælfweard July–August 924〔Sean Miller, Æthelstan, in Michael Lapidge et al ed., ''The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England'', 2001, p. 16〕|| || c. 901〔Simon Keynes, 'Edward, King of the Anglo-Saxons', in N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill eds., ''Edward the Elder'', Routledge, 2001, pp. 50–51〕 Son of Edward the Elder and Ælfflæd〔 || Unmarried? No children|| 3 August 924〔 Aged about 23 Buried at Winchester〔Alan Thacker, 'Dynastic Monasteries and Family Cults', in N. J. Higham & D. H. Hill eds., ''Edward the Elder'', Routledge, 2001, p. 253〕 |- |} ---- |- | Æthelstan (''Æþelstan'') 924–939〔(Aethelstan @ Archontology.org ). Retrieved 15 March 2007.〕 King of the Anglo-Saxons 924–927 King of the English 927–939 || || 895 Son of Edward the Elder and Ecgwynn || Unmarried〔 || 27 October 939 Aged about 44〔 |- | Edmund I (''Eadmund'') 28 October 939–946〔(EADMUND (Edmund) @ Archontology.org ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || 100px || c. 921 Son of Edward the Elder and Eadgifu of Kent〔 || (1) Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury two children (2) Æthelflæd of Damerham no children〔(English Monarchs – Kings and Queens of England – Edmund the Elder ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || 26 May 946 Pucklechurch Aged about 25 (Killed in a brawl)〔 |- | Eadred (''Eadred'') 27 May 946–955〔(EADRED (Edred) @ Archontology.org ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || 100px || c. 923 Son of Edward the Elder and Eadgifu of Kent || Unmarried || 23 November 955 Frome Aged about 32〔(BritRoyals – King Edred ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 |- | Eadwig (''Eadwig'') 24 November 955–959〔(EADWIG (Edwy) @ Archontology.org ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || || c. 940 Son of Edmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury〔(Catholic Encyclopedia: Edwy ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || Ælfgifu〔 || 1 October 959 Aged about 19〔 |- | Edgar the Peaceful (''Eadgar'') 2 October 959–975〔(EADGAR (Edgar the Peacemaker) @ Archontology.org ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || || c. 943 Wessex Son of Edmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury || (1) Æthelflæd c. 960 1 son (2) Ælfthryth c. 964 2 sons || 8 July 975 Winchester Aged about 32〔(The Ætheling ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 |- | Edward the Martyr (''Eadweard'') 9 July 975–978〔(EADWEARD (Edward the Martyr) @ Archontology.org ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || || c. 962 Son of Edgar the Peaceful and Æthelflæd || Unmarried || 18 March 978 Corfe Castle Aged about 16 (Assassinated)〔 |- | Æthelred the Unready (''Æþelræd Unræd'') 19 March 978–1013 (''first reign'')〔Æthelred the Unready was forced to go into exile in the summer of 1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbeard's death. (AETHELRED (the Unready) @ Archontology.org ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || || c. 968 Son of Edgar the Peaceful and Ælfthryth || (1) Ælfgifu of York 991 nine children (2) Emma of Normandy 1002 three children〔(English Monarchs – Kings and Queens of England – Ethelred II, the Redeless ). Retrieved 17 March 2007.〕 || 23 April 1016 London Aged about 48〔 |- |} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of English monarchs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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